English for Specific Purpose
The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organism
As with most development in human activity, English for Specific Purpose was not a planned and coherent movement, but rather a phenomenon that grew out of a number of converging trends. These trends have operated around the world, but we can identify three main reason common to the emergence of all ESP, as follows:
1. The Demand of a Brave New World
2. A Revolutions in Linguistics
3. Focus on the Learner
To explain the branches of English for Specific Purpose, we including this Tree-diagram;
This paper is discussed about biology, Specifically about Prokaryotic Organism. So in this analysis paper talk about English for Academic Purpose (EAP). Biology is the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals. And Prokaryotic is a single-celled organism that does not contain a membrane-bounds nucleus nor any other membrane-bounds organelles.
Scientist are only begging to understand the vast diversity of microbial life. Although a million species of prokaryotes are thought to exist, only approximately 6,000 of these, grouped into over 950 genera, have been actually described and classified. Traditional culture and isolation techniques have not supported the growth, and subsequent study, of the vast majority. Not surprisingly, most effort have been put into the study of the microbes intimately associated with the human population, especially those causing disease, and these have been most extensively described. This situation is changing as new molecular techniques aid in the discovery and characterizations of previously unrecognized species. The sheer volume of the rapidly accruing information made possible by this modern technology, however, can be daunting for scientist and students alike.
This paper covers a wide spectrum of prokaryotes, focusing primarily on their extraordinary diversity rather than concentration on the phylogenetic relationship discussed in this paper. To highlight remarkable abilities of prokaryote and convey a sense of appreciation for the environment they inhabit and the essential roles they play in our biosphere, groups of microorganisms are described according to their metabolic characteristics and other psychological traits.
Analysis of Paper
The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organism
A. Registers
In this partial, the writer would make registers of the words existing in the text of The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organism. Register is a list contains a list of words that has specific meaning. In English there is special meaning for the special purposes. It has different meaning from specific and common meaning and it appropriates based on the situation and condition or context. The researcher identified the words; those are ten words or registers such as:
B. The Organization of Text
Astrobiology: The Research for Life on Other Planets (p. 291)
Astrobiology is the study of life in the universe. This text is an article as a fore-research which discuss about the situation when men life on other planets, where everything is something new, and all complex course that human find. This text consist of simple present tense, active voice and some complex sentence. To know all aspects that we serve above, we write an analysis as follows:
No. Register Everyday Language
1. Prokaryote
A single-celled organism that does not contain a membrane-bound nucleus nor many other membrane-bound organelies
2. Masses :
A large number or amount
Ordinary people, especially as seen by political leader
3. Algae
A primitive photosynthetic eukaryotic organism
4. Acid :
Any of class of substances containing hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal
Having a bitter sharp taste
5. Microbiology
The study of very small living things, eg bacteria
6. Versatile :
(of a tool, machine, substance, food, etc) Having many uses
Some one which able to do something
7. Compound :
The breaking of a bone in which part of the bone through the skin
A thing composed of two or more separate things combined together
8. Bacteria
One of the two domains of prokaryotes; all medically important prokaryotes era in the domain bacteria
9. Bacteriology
The scientific study of bacteria
10. Species
A group of isolated or strain; the basic unit of taxonomy. In the binomial nomenclature scheme, the second name given to an organism
(informal) a sort; a type
11. Archaea
One of the two domain of prokaryotes; most, but not all, archaea grow in extreme environment
12. Springs :
A device of twisted, bent or coiled metal or wire that can be pushed, pulled or pressed but which return to its original shape or position when released
The first season of the years between winter and summer
13. Studies :
To examine or consider something very carefully
The activity of learning or gaining knowledge
14. Cell :
A very small unit of living matters
A very small room for one or more prisoners in a prison
15. Tract:
A system of connected part like tubes along which something passes
A large area of land
16. Array :
A type of data structure that has multiple values
To place a group in order, especially in pleasing, impressive or threatening way
17. Introduce :
To bring a plant, an animal or disease to a place where it does not normally occur
To include something or somebody for the first time in something
18. Oxidize
To combine or cause something to combine with oxygen
19. Ammonia
A colorless gas with a strong smell, used especially in a household cleaning substances and for making explosive
Tenses
This text is consist of many simple present tense, as follows:
1. We know it exist on other planets, one from it will likely take will be microbial.
2. Considering that we still know relatively little about the microbial life on other planets
3. This is a daunting challenge with many as yet unanswered question.
4. Because select microorganism can survive in these environment.
5. Mars is the planets that is closest to earth.
Active/Passive Voice
Because this text is consisting simple present tense, it also use active voice to assert the topics, as follows:
1. What is the most likely source of life on other planets?
2. What is the best way to preserve the specimens for study on earth?
3. Astrobiologists believe that within our solar system, life would most likely be found either on Europe, a Moon of Jupiter, or on Mars.
4. The goals is to determine the origin, evolution, distribution and destiny of life in the universe.
Complex Sentence
1. Astrobiology, the study of life in the universe, is a new field that is bringing together scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including microbiology, geology, astronomy, biology, and chemistry, to begin answering some of these question.
The first underlined clause ”the study of life in the universe,” is Adjective Clause, because the clause refer to subject
The second underlined clause “that is bringing together scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including microbiology, geology, astronomy, biology, and chemistry,” is Adjective Clause, because the clause refer to compliment.
Type of Text
This text is descriptive text because this text using simple present tense. Beside that, this text are describing intentionally about prokaryotic organism as main title, and some sub-title are as follows:
a) Anaerobic Chemotrophs
b) Anoxygenic Prototroph
c) Oxygenic Prototroph
d) Aerobic Chemolithotrophs
e) Aerobic Chemoorganatrophs
f) Thriving in Terrestrial Environments
g) Thriving in Aquatic Environments
h) Animals as Habitats
i) Archaea that Thrive in Extreme Conditions.
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